What do the numbers on a check mean?

If your kids have ever spotted the string of numbers at the bottom of a check and asked, “What do those mean?” you’re not alone. They look random, but each number has a specific job. Here’s what all of those numbers on a check mean.

The routing number

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The routing number is the first group of numbers at the bottom of a check. It’s kind of like your bank’s address. Every bank or credit union has its own unique routing number. That’s how the bank knows where to process the check.

The account number

The middle number on a check is your account number. This is specific to you. It tells the bank exactly which account to pull the money from when someone cashes or deposits your check.

The check number

The numbers on the right represent the check number. The check number is actually listed in two places, so you’ll see the same number on the top corner of the check, too. This number is more for your record-keeping than the bank’s. When you’re reviewing your statement, the check number can help you match payments or deposits you’ve made. It can also be helpful for fraud detection. If a check clears with a number you don’t recognize, it could be fraud, and you’ll want to call your bank right away.

Why the numbers matter

All the numbers on a check help ensure that money gets from the right place to the right person. If you’ve ever typed your account number wrong when setting up direct deposit, you know how quickly things can get delayed.

A quick tip for kids (and parents)

Checks may not be as standard these days, but knowing how they work is still a useful skill. Kids will run into them when they get their first job, help out with school fundraisers, or receive money from grandparents. 

Checks are also used frequently by small businesses, independent contractors, local government offices, or anywhere cash is tricky to manage, but cards or direct deposit aren’t set up. So, knowing what those numbers mean helps them see that money isn’t magic; it’s a system with details worth paying attention to.

If you’re new to checks, see how to write a check.

FAQs 

Are the numbers at the bottom of every check the same?

No, but the routing number might be the same for people who bank at the same place. Your account number, however, is unique to you. That’s why sharing a check with someone gives them your bank info, so never post a photo of a check online.

What if I enter the wrong routing or account number?

The payment won't go through. It can even cause a late fee, so it’s worth double-checking before you hit submit.

Can someone steal my money with the numbers on my check?

It’s possible. This is why banks keep an eye out for fraud. The safest way to handle checks is to treat them like cash. Keep them somewhere safe and only use them when you really need to.

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