310 essential SAT words every student should know
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When it comes to acing the SAT, having a strong vocabulary can make all the difference. Not only does it boost your confidence, but it also helps you tackle challenging reading passages and improve your writing scores. To give you a leg up, we’ve curated a list of 310+ essential SAT words, complete with definitions and examples, to make your prep as effective as possible. Let’s dive in!
Why a strong vocabulary matters for the SAT
The SAT tests your ability to understand and use words in context, making a robust vocabulary essential. Here’s why mastering vocabulary is so important:
Reading comprehension: Many questions require interpreting the meaning of words and phrases in passages. Strong vocabulary skills improve accuracy and speed.
Writing and language: Understanding word nuances and grammatical usage helps identify errors and improve sentence structure.
Essay writing: Using varied and precise language makes your argument more compelling and impactful.
310 SAT words organized by theme
To make this list easier to tackle, we’ve grouped the words into categories. Use these themes to focus on areas where you’re less familiar or to create study plans around specific topics.
Academic power words
These words frequently appear in academic texts and SAT passages:
1. Excoriate: To critically examine or analyze in a harsh and detailed manner.
Example: The researchers excoriated the flawed methodology of the previous study.
2. Enunciate: To express or state clearly and precisely.
Example: The speaker enunciated her ideas with remarkable clarity.
3. Augment: To increase or enhance, especially in strength or value.
Example: The new evidence augmented her argument against the proposal.
4. Disseminate: To spread or distribute information widely.
Example: The research team disseminated their findings through academic journals.
5. Exegesis: A detailed and critical interpretation or analysis.
Example: The professor’s exegesis of the text uncovered hidden themes.
6. Disquisition: A formal and detailed discussion or analysis.
Example: The scholar presented a disquisition on the novel’s underlying themes.
7. Assimilate: To absorb and incorporate information or ideas into a coherent whole.
Example: The team assimilated the new findings into their existing framework.
8. Tabulate: To arrange data systematically in columns or lists.
Example: The scientist tabulated the experimental results for clarity.
9. Portend: To be a sign or warning of future developments.
Example: The dark clouds portended an impending storm.
10. Adduce: To cite as evidence or provide proof.
Example: The lawyer adduced relevant case studies to strengthen her argument.
11. Coalesce: To come together to form a single, unified whole.
Example: The project’s various components coalesced into a successful product.
12. Cohere: To form a united whole.
Example: The essay cohered disparate ideas into a single argument.
13. Exegetical: Pertaining to critical interpretation or explanation.
Example: His exegetical insights added depth to the text analysis.
14. Vindicate: To clear from blame or suspicion, often with proof.
Example: The results vindicated the controversial methodology used in the study.
15. Recapitulate: To restate or summarize the main points.
Example: He recapitulated the findings in the concluding section.
16. Assay: To evaluate or analyze the quality or value of something.
Example: The researcher assayed the chemical composition of the sample.
17. Extrapolate: To infer or estimate by extending known information.
Example: Scientists extrapolated future trends based on current data.
18. Scrutinize: To examine or inspect closely and thoroughly.
Example: The manager scrutinized the proposal before approving it.
19. Postulate: To assume or suggest the existence of something as a basis for reasoning.
Example: The theory postulates the existence of parallel universes.
20. Expound: To explain systematically or in great detail.
Example: The lecturer expounded on the philosophical implications of the text.
21. Enumerate: To specify or count with precision.
Example: The study enumerated the exact effects of the treatment on the population.
22. Elucidate: To make something clear by providing a detailed explanation.
Example: The professor elucidated the complex theory during the seminar.
23. Ascertain: To find out for certain.
Example: The detective ascertained the suspect’s location.
24. Augur: To foretell or predict future outcomes, often based on signs.
Example: The early signs augured well for the project’s success.
25. Correlate: To establish a mutual relationship between two things.
Example: The study correlated exercise with improved mental health.
26. Theorize: To form a theory or set of ideas about something.
Example: Historians theorize about ancient civilizations' demise.
27. Concatenate: To link things together in a series or chain.
Example: The researcher concatenated the results into a coherent narrative.
28. Hypothesize: To propose an explanation based on limited evidence.
Example: The researcher hypothesized that the drug would improve outcomes.
29. Prognosticate: To forecast or predict based on current evidence or signs.
Example: The model prognosticated future economic trends with remarkable accuracy.
30. Abate: To reduce or diminish.
Example: The tax credit abates the total amount owed.
31. Juxtapose: To place two or more things side by side for comparison.
Example: The essay juxtaposed opposing theories to highlight their differences.
Common SAT adjectives
Memorize these descriptive words to elevate your writing:
32. Ambivalent: Having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas.
Example: He felt ambivalent about accepting the prestigious award.
33. Scrupulous: Diligent and attentive to details.
Example: The scrupulous scientist ensured no errors in data collection.
34. Indefatigable: Persisting tirelessly.
Example: Her indefatigable efforts ensured the project’s success.
35. Eloquent: Fluent or persuasive in speaking or writing.
Example: The keynote speaker was both eloquent and inspiring.
36. Meticulous: Showing great attention to detail.
Example: The artist was meticulous in creating every brushstroke.
37. Apathetic: Showing little or no emotion or interest.
Example: The apathetic student showed no concern for the results.
38. Astute: Having sharp judgment or perception.
Example: The astute investor made a significant profit.
39. Capricious: Given to sudden changes of mood or behavior.
Example: His capricious nature made him unpredictable.
40. Conscientious: Wishing to do one’s work or duty well.
Example: She was conscientious in completing her tasks on time.
41. Deferential: Showing respect and humility.
Example: He was deferential to the experienced professor.
42. Impartial: Treating all rivals or disputants equally.
Example: A good judge remains impartial.
43. Laudable: Deserving praise.
Example: Her laudable efforts resulted in a successful campaign.
44. Proficient: Skilled in doing or using something.
Example: He is proficient in multiple programming languages.
45. Resilient: Able to recover quickly from difficulties.
Example: The resilient team overcame all obstacles.
46. Voracious: Having a very eager approach to an activity.
Example: She was a voracious reader, finishing several books a week.
47. Prudent: Acting with or showing care for the future.
Example: It is prudent to save money for emergencies.
48. Tactful: Showing sensitivity and consideration in dealing with others.
Example: She gave tactful advice during the meeting.
49. Zealous: Showing enthusiasm or strong support.
Example: He was a zealous advocate for the cause.
50. Innovative: Featuring new ideas or methods.
Example: The company introduced an innovative product to the market.
51. Fickle: Changing frequently, especially regarding loyalties or interests.
Example: The fickle weather made planning difficult.
52. Conjecture: To form an opinion without definitive evidence.
Example: Scholars conjectured about the origin of the ancient artifact.
53. Consummate: Showing a high degree of skill or flair.
Example: He was a consummate professional in his field.
54. Empathetic: Showing an ability to understand and share others' feelings.
Example: The counselor was empathetic toward the students' struggles.
55. Punctual: Arriving or doing something at the agreed time.
Example: He was always punctual for his appointments.
56. Efficacious: Producing the desired effect effectively.
Example: The medicine proved efficacious in treating the symptoms.
57. Versatile: Able to adapt or be used for many purposes.
Example: The tool was versatile and suited for multiple tasks.
58. Protean: Able to change frequently or adapt to different conditions.
Example: The protean nature of the economy demands adaptable strategies.
59. Impeccable: Faultless and perfect.
Example: Her work on the project was impeccable.
60. Dubious: Hesitant or doubtful.
Example: She was dubious about the authenticity of the painting.
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61. Gregarious: Sociable and fond of company.
Example: The gregarious host made everyone feel welcome.
62. Multifaceted: Having many aspects or abilities.
Example: Her multifaceted expertise contributed to the project’s success.
Words for argument and persuasion
Master these for essay-writing success:
63. Promulgate: To promote or make widely known an idea or cause.
Example: The professor promulgated the findings of her research to a global audience.
64. Disavow: To deny any association with or responsibility for something.
Example: He disavowed the allegations made against him.
65. Substantiate: To provide evidence or support for a claim.
Example: He substantiated his argument with compelling statistics.
66. Undermine: To weaken or damage.
Example: The negative reviews undermined the restaurant’s reputation.
67. Validate: To confirm or prove the accuracy of something.
Example: The experiment’s results validated the initial hypothesis.
68. Adjudicate: To make a formal judgment or decision.
Example: The committee adjudicated the matter impartially.
69. Confute: To prove to be false or invalid.
Example: The data confuted the researcher’s earlier assumptions.
70. Corroborate: To confirm or support with evidence.
Example: Witnesses corroborated the suspect’s alibi.
71. Debunk: To expose the falseness of something.
Example: The article debunked the myths about the vaccine.
72. Rebut: To refute by offering evidence or argument.
Example: The lawyer rebutted the prosecutor’s claims.
73. Clarion: To make something brilliantly clear or to draw sharp attention to it.
Example: The research paper served as a clarion call to address the issue.
74. Expound: To explain in detail.
Example: He expounded on the historical significance of the event.
75. Negate: To nullify or invalidate.
Example: The evidence negated the initial claims.
76. Coerce: To compel or persuade by force or intimidation.
Example: The urgency of the situation coerced him into action.
77. Interdict: To prohibit or forbid something, especially through authority.
Example: The court interdicted the sale of harmful products.
78. Remonstrate: To argue or protest strongly against something.
Example: The protesters remonstrated against the unfair policy.
79. Espouse: To adopt or support a belief or way of life.
Example: He espoused the principles of non-violence in his activism.
80. Rectify: To correct or make something right.
Example: The errors in the report were promptly rectified.
81. Fortify: To strengthen or reinforce an argument, structure, or position.
Example: The additional data fortified their case for reform.
82. Catalyze: To accelerate or incite a significant change or action.
Example: Her speech catalyzed the movement toward greater environmental protection.
83. Proffer: To offer or present for acceptance.
Example: She proffered a solution to the logistical challenge.
84. Gainsay: To deny or dispute the truth of something.
Example: No one could gainsay the evidence presented in court.
85. Aver: To state or assert with confidence.
Example: The witness averred that she saw the defendant at the scene.
86. Exonerate: To absolve someone from blame or fault after due consideration.
Example: The evidence exonerated him from all allegations.
87. Impugn: To dispute the validity or integrity of something.
Example: The opposition impugned the candidate’s motives.
88. Advocate: To publicly support or recommend a cause or policy.
Example: She advocated for expanding access to education.
89. Explicate: To analyze and develop an idea in detail.
Example: The philosopher explicated the theory in his lecture.
90. Exhort: To strongly encourage or urge someone to do something.
Example: The speaker exhorted the audience to participate in the movement.
91. Justify: To show or prove something to be right or reasonable.
Example: He justified his actions with strong evidence.
92. Illuminate: To clarify or shed light on a subject.
Example: The lecturer illuminated the complexities of quantum mechanics.
93. Parse: To examine or break down systematically.
Example: The linguist parsed the sentence to identify its grammatical components.
94. Amalgamate: To combine or unite into one structure.
Example: The project amalgamated findings from multiple disciplines.
Words for expressing emotions and feelings
Use these words to describe emotions effectively:
95. Elated: Extremely happy or joyful.
Example: She felt elated after receiving the award.
96. Somber: Dark or serious in mood.
Example: The somber tone of the meeting was palpable.
97. Apprehensive: Anxious or fearful about the future.
Example: He was apprehensive about the upcoming exam.
98. Ecstatic: Overwhelmingly happy or excited.
Example: The team was ecstatic after their big win.
99. Melancholy: A feeling of deep sadness.
Example: He was filled with melancholy as he watched the sunset.
100. Obligated: Feeling indebted or thankful.
Example: She felt obligated to express her thanks for their kindness.
101. Aggrieved: Feeling a sense of injustice or wrong.
Example: He felt aggrieved at being overlooked for the promotion.
102. Jubilant: Expressing great happiness or triumph.
Example: The crowd was jubilant after the victory.
103. Optimistic: Hopeful and confident about the future.
Example: She remained optimistic despite the challenges.
104. Pensive: Engaged in deep or serious thought.
Example: He looked pensive as he considered the options.
105. Disheartened: Feeling a loss of confidence or determination.
Example: She was disheartened by the lack of progress.
106. Serene: Calm, peaceful, and untroubled.
Example: He was serene, enjoying the simplicity of life.
107. Agitated: Feeling nervous or troubled.
Example: He was visibly agitated before the performance.
108. Sympathetic: Showing understanding or compassion.
Example: Her sympathetic words comforted the grieving family.
109. Exasperated: Intensely irritated or frustrated.
Example: She was exasperated by the repeated technical issues.
110. Euphoric: Intensely and overwhelmingly happy.
Example: The victory left the entire team euphoric.
111. Wry: Expressing dry, mocking humor.
Example: His wry smile revealed his amusement at the absurdity of the situation.
112. Dissonant: Experiencing a lack of harmony or agreement internally.
Example: She felt dissonant about her decision to leave.
113. Ardent: Intensely passionate or enthusiastic.
Example: He was an ardent supporter of the arts and education.
114. Incredulous: Unwilling or unable to believe something.
Example: The scientist was incredulous at the bold claim.
115. Distraught: Deeply upset or agitated.
Example: He was distraught after losing his wallet.
116. Assuaged: To make an unpleasant feeling less intense.
Example: The apology assuaged her feelings of disappointment.
117. Gloomy: Feeling sad or pessimistic.
Example: The gloomy weather matched his mood.
118. Bewildered: Feeling confused or perplexed.
Example: She was bewildered by the complex instructions.
119. Nostalgic: Longing for the past.
Example: He felt nostalgic while looking through old photographs.
120. Exasperated: Intensely irritated or frustrated.
Example: He was exasperated by the repeated mistakes.
121. Sanguine: Optimistic or positive, especially in difficult circumstances.
Example: Despite the challenges, she remained sanguine about the future.
122. Mortified: Deeply ashamed or humiliated.
Example: He was mortified after tripping during the presentation.
123. Exuberant: Filled with lively energy and excitement.
Example: Her exuberant personality lit up the room.
124. Desolate: Feeling abandoned or hopelessly isolated.
Example: He felt desolate after moving to a new city with no friends.
Words for scientific and technical contexts
Expand your SAT vocabulary with these words often used in scientific and technical writing:
125. Hypothesis: A proposed explanation based on limited evidence.
Example: The hypothesis was tested through multiple experiments.
126. Variable: An element or factor that can change or be changed.
Example: The scientist controlled all variables except one.
127. Phenomenon: An observable event or fact.
Example: The aurora borealis is a natural phenomenon.
128. Catalyst: Something that speeds up a process or reaction.
Example: Enzymes act as catalysts in the body.
129. Quantitative: Relating to the measurement of quantity.
Example: The study focused on quantitative data analysis.
130. Empirical: Based on observation or experience rather than theory.
Example: The results were supported by empirical evidence.
131. Equilibrium: A state of balance or stability.
Example: The ecosystem is in equilibrium after years of restoration.
132. Theorem: A statement or proposition that is proven based on previously established principles.
Example: The theorem provided the foundation for modern mathematical applications.
133. Deconstruct: To break down into components to understand underlying structure or meaning.
Example: The research team deconstructed the dataset to identify patterns.
134. Quintessence: The purest or most concentrated form of a thing.
Example: The quintessence of the element was extracted for further analysis.
135. Synthesize: To combine multiple elements into a whole.
Example: The team synthesized data from various sources.
136. Isotope: Variants of a chemical element with differing neutron counts.
Example: Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope used in dating.
137. Replicate: To reproduce or duplicate an experiment or result.
Example: The findings were replicated in independent studies.
138. Adaptation: A change or process of change by which an organism becomes better suited to its environment.
Example: The adaptation of species is a key principle in evolutionary biology.
139. Inference: A conclusion reached based on evidence and reasoning.
Example: The data allowed the researchers to make an inference.
140. Specimen: An individual item or part representative of a group.
Example: The museum displayed a rare specimen of the dinosaur.
141. Ecosystem: A biological community of interacting organisms.
Example: The coral reef is a delicate ecosystem.
142. Attrition: The gradual reduction or weakening through sustained forces.
Example: The attrition of the coastline is a result of relentless wave activity.
143. Infinitesimal: Extremely small or immeasurably minute.
Example: Infinitesimal particles in the air influence atmospheric behavior.
144. Nanotechnology: The manipulation of matter on an atomic or molecular scale.
Example: Nanotechnology is revolutionizing medicine.
145. Innovation: The introduction of new ideas or methods.
Example: The innovation transformed the technology industry.
146. Mutation: A change in genetic material.
Example: The mutation resulted in a new trait in the population.
147. Precision: The quality of being accurate and exact.
Example: Precision is crucial in scientific measurements.
148. Radiation: The emission of energy as electromagnetic waves.
Example: The device measures levels of radiation in the area.
149. Trajectory: The curved path of an object as it moves through space.
Example: The spacecraft adjusted its trajectory to align with the planet’s orbit.
150. Algorithm: A step-by-step procedure for solving a problem.
Example: The software uses a complex algorithm to analyze data.
151. Simulation: An imitation of a situation or process.
Example: The flight simulation prepared the pilots for emergencies.
152. Oxidation: A chemical reaction involving the loss of electrons.
Example: Rust forms due to the oxidation of iron.
153. Evolution: The process of change in living organisms over time.
Example: Darwin's theory of evolution revolutionized biology.
154. Heredity: The transmission of genetic characteristics from parents to offspring.
Example: Heredity plays a critical role in the study of inherited diseases.
155. Degradation: The process by which natural forces wear down or destroy materials.
Example: The degradation of the riverbanks threatened local ecosystems.
156. Genomics: The branch of molecular biology focusing on the structure, function, and mapping of genomes.
Example: Advances in genomics have revolutionized personalized medicine.
Words for business and economics
These terms are essential for understanding concepts related to business and economics:
157. Revenue: Income generated from business activities.
Example: The company’s revenue increased by 20% last year.
158. Profit: The financial gain made after expenses are subtracted from revenue.
Example: The business made a significant profit in its first year.
159. Market: A place or system where goods and services are exchanged.
Example: The stock market experienced a sharp decline.
160. Supply: The amount of a product or service available.
Example: An increase in supply can lower prices.
161. Demand: The desire of consumers to purchase goods or services.
Example: High demand for the product led to a price increase.
162. Capital: Wealth in the form of money or assets.
Example: The startup raised capital from investors.
163. Investment: The act of putting money into something to gain a return.
Example: Real estate is a common type of investment.
164. Economy: The system of production and consumption of goods and services.
Example: A strong economy benefits everyone.
165. Inflation: The rate at which prices for goods and services rise.
Example: Inflation affects the purchasing power of money.
166. Recession: A period of economic decline.
Example: The country is recovering from a severe recession.
167. Assets: Items of value owned by a person or business.
Example: The company listed its assets in the financial report.
168. Liabilities: Financial obligations or debts.
Example: The company reduced its liabilities last quarter.
169. Equity: Ownership interest in a company.
Example: She increased her equity in the business by buying more shares.
170. Dividend: A portion of a company’s earnings distributed to shareholders.
Example: The company announced a higher dividend this year.
171. Budget: A plan for managing income and expenses.
Example: The family created a monthly budget to save money.
172. Credit: The ability to borrow money or access goods with a promise to repay.
Example: Good credit is essential for securing a loan.
173. Debt: Money owed to another party.
Example: Paying off debt is a priority for many households.
174. Interest: The cost of borrowing money, usually expressed as a percentage.
Example: Low interest rates encourage borrowing.
175. Bankruptcy: A legal status for a person or business unable to repay debts.
Example: The company filed for bankruptcy after years of losses.
176. Monopoly: Exclusive control over a market by one entity.
Example: The government regulated the monopoly to ensure fair competition.
177. Subsidy: Financial assistance provided by the government.
Example: Farmers received a subsidy to stabilize crop prices.
178. Merger: The combination of two companies into one.
Example: The merger created the largest airline in the country.
179. Acquisition: The purchase of one company by another.
Example: The tech giant’s acquisition of a startup made headlines.
180. Entrepreneur: A person who starts and manages a business.
Example: The entrepreneur launched a successful app.
181. Startup: A new business in its early stages.
Example: The startup aims to revolutionize renewable energy.
182. Mercantile: Relating to trade or commerce.
Example: His mercantile instincts helped him identify profitable opportunities.
183. Globalization: The process by which businesses operate on a global scale.
Example: Globalization has increased international trade.
184. Ingenuity: The quality of being clever and inventive.
Example: His ingenuity led to groundbreaking discoveries in renewable energy.
185. Productivity: The efficiency of production.
Example: Higher productivity leads to increased profits.
186. Logistics: The management of transporting goods and services.
Example: The company specializes in logistics for e-commerce.
187. Tariff: A tax imposed on imported goods.
Example: The government raised tariffs to protect local industries.
188. Surplus: The amount of something left over when requirements are met.
Example: The surplus of goods led to a drop in prices.
Words for literature and creative writing
Expand your vocabulary with these words often used in literature and creative writing:
189. Allusion: An indirect reference to something.
Example: The novel’s title is an allusion to Shakespeare.
190. Protagonist: The main character in a story.
Example: The protagonist faced numerous challenges throughout the novel.
191. Antagonist: A character or force opposing the protagonist.
Example: The antagonist was determined to thwart the hero’s plans.
192. Foreshadow: To hint at events that will occur later.
Example: The storm clouds foreshadowed the impending conflict.
193. Metaphor: A figure of speech comparing two things without using "like" or "as."
Example: Her smile was a ray of sunshine.
194. Symbolism: The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities.
Example: The dove is a common symbol of peace.
195. Irony: A contrast between expectation and reality.
Example: The irony was that the firefighter’s house burned down.
196. Imagery: Descriptive language that appeals to the senses.
Example: The author’s vivid imagery brought the scene to life.
197. Hyperbole: Exaggerated statements not meant to be taken literally.
Example: I’ve told you a million times to clean your room!
198. Allegory: A story with a hidden meaning, typically moral or political.
Example: The novel was an allegory about the dangers of totalitarianism.
199. Personification: Giving human traits to non-human things.
Example: The wind whispered through the trees.
200. Epithet: A descriptive term used to characterize someone or something.
Example: Ivan the Terrible is a well-known epithet.
201. Satire: The use of humor or ridicule to criticize.
Example: The play was a satire of modern politics.
202. Timbre: The character or quality of expression conveyed in writing or speech.
Example: The novel’s timbre was dark and brooding, perfectly matching its themes.
203. Taxonomy: A classification or categorization, particularly within artistic forms.
Example: The taxonomy of speculative fiction includes subcategories like dystopian and cyberpunk.
204. Paradox: A statement that contradicts itself but reveals a truth.
Example: Less is more is a common paradox.
205. Onomatopoeia: A word that imitates a sound.
Example: Words like "buzz" and "clang" are examples of onomatopoeia.
206. Climax: The most intense or important point in a story.
Example: The climax of the novel left readers on the edge of their seats.
207. Denouement: The final resolution of a narrative.
Example: The denouement tied up all the loose ends of the story.
208. Juxtaposition: Placing two elements close together for contrasting effect.
Example: The juxtaposition of light and dark created a striking image.
209. Epiphany: A sudden realization or insight.
Example: She had an epiphany about her true calling.
210. Cliché: An overused expression or idea.
Example: The phrase "time will tell" is a cliché.
211. Archetype: A typical example of a certain person or thing.
Example: The hero’s journey is a common archetype in literature.
212. Genre: A category of artistic composition.
Example: Mystery is her favorite genre of fiction.
213. Chronicle: A detailed and sequential account of events.
Example: The chronicle of her journey revealed both triumphs and hardships.
214. Diction: The choice and use of words in writing.
Example: The author’s diction set a formal tone.
215. Theme: The central idea or message of a work.
Example: The theme of the novel was the importance of resilience.
216. Flashback: A scene set in a time earlier than the main story.
Example: The flashback revealed the protagonist’s troubled past.
217. Perspective: A point of view in a narrative.
Example: The story was told from the perspective of a child.
218. Motif: A recurring element in a story.
Example: The motif of forgiveness was present throughout the novel.
219. Colloquy: A formal conversation or discourse between characters.
Example: The playwright’s colloquy between the protagonists revealed their deepest fears.
220. Existentialism: A philosophical theory emphasizing individual existence and freedom.
Example: Existentialism became popular after World War II.
Words for history and social studies
Broaden your understanding of historical and social concepts with these terms:
221. Insurrection: A violent uprising or rebellion against an authority or government.
Example: The insurrection marked the beginning of a new era in the nation’s history.
222. Democracy: A system of government by the whole population or eligible members.
Example: Democracy allows citizens to vote for their leaders.
223. Hegemony: Dominance or leadership, especially by one state or group over others.
Example: The hegemony of the Roman Empire influenced cultures across Europe and beyond.
224. Feudalism: A medieval European social system in which land was exchanged for service.
Example: Feudalism structured much of Europe’s economy during the Middle Ages.
225. Colonialism: The policy of acquiring control over another country and exploiting it.
Example: Colonialism reshaped the economic and cultural landscapes of many regions.
226. Suffrage: The right to vote in political elections.
Example: Women fought tirelessly for suffrage in the early 20th century.
227. Abolition: The act of formally ending a system, practice, or institution.
Example: The abolition of slavery was a significant milestone in history.
228. Diplomacy: The practice of conducting negotiations between countries.
Example: Effective diplomacy can prevent conflicts.
229. Industrialization: The development of industries in a region on a wide scale.
Example: The Industrial Revolution transformed manufacturing processes.
230. Diaspora: The dispersion or migration of a group of people from their original homeland.
Example: The diaspora of the Irish during the famine shaped communities worldwide.
231. Nationalism: Advocacy for the interests and culture of one’s nation.
Example: Nationalism played a key role in the unification of Germany.
232. Constitution: A set of fundamental principles for governing a state.
Example: The U.S. Constitution outlines the framework of its government.
233. Sovereignty: Supreme power or authority over a territory.
Example: Sovereignty is a fundamental principle of international law.
234. Entente: A formal agreement or understanding between two or more parties, often nations.
Example: The entente between the nations ensured mutual defense in times of conflict.
235. Propaganda: Information used to influence public opinion or promote a cause.
Example: Propaganda was widely used during the war.
236. Census: An official count or survey of a population.
Example: The census provides valuable demographic data.
237. Amendment: A change or addition to a legal or statutory document.
Example: The First Amendment protects freedom of speech.
238. Annexation: The action of adding territory to a country.
Example: The annexation of Texas was a pivotal event in U.S. history.
239. Civilization: A complex society with culture, government, and technology.
Example: Ancient Egypt was one of the earliest known civilizations.
240. Monarchy: A form of government with a king or queen at the head.
Example: The monarchy remains a symbolic institution in the United Kingdom.
241. Dictatorship: A government ruled by one person with absolute authority.
Example: The dictatorship suppressed all political opposition.
242. Asylee: A person seeking protection or sanctuary from persecution or danger.
Example: The asylee was granted safe passage and legal protection in the new country
243. Capitalism: An economic system based on private ownership and free markets.
Example: Capitalism encourages innovation and competition.
244. Socialism: An economic system where production is regulated by the community.
Example: Socialism advocates for public ownership of resources.
245. Humanitarianism: The promotion of human welfare and social reform.
Example: Humanitarianism drives aid efforts during crises.
246. Imperialism: A policy of extending a country’s power through diplomacy or force.
Example: Imperialism shaped the geopolitics of the 19th century.
247. Legislation: Laws considered collectively.
Example: The new legislation aims to protect consumers.
248. Peasantry: Members of the lowest social class in traditional societies.
Example: The peasantry played a vital role in medieval economies.
249. Aristocracy: The highest class in certain societies, typically holding titles or offices.
Example: The aristocracy held significant influence in pre-revolutionary France.
250. Federalism: A system of government where power is divided between a central authority and regions.
Example: Federalism balances power between national and state governments.
251. Manifesto: A public declaration of intentions or beliefs.
Example: The manifesto outlined the party’s goals for reform.
Words for technology and innovation
Stay ahead in the tech-driven world by mastering these terms:
252. Automation: The use of technology to perform tasks without human intervention.
Example: Automation has improved efficiency in manufacturing.
253. Cognition: The mental action of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought.
Example: The software mimics human cognition in its decision-making processes.
254. Analytics: The systematic computational analysis of data.
Example: Companies rely on analytics to track user behavior.
255. Emulation: The replication or imitation of a system, process, or environment using software or hardware.
Example: The emulation of older computing environments allowed legacy applications to run seamlessly.
256. Cryptology: The study and application of techniques to secure communication and data through encryption and codebreaking.
Example: Advances in cryptology have transformed the way sensitive information is protected in the digital age.
257. Encryption: The process of encoding information to prevent unauthorized access.
Example: Strong encryption ensures secure online transactions.
258. Enterprise: A project or venture, often requiring effort and initiative.
Example: Her latest enterprise revolutionized the healthcare industry.
259. Interoperability: The ability of different systems, devices, or applications to work together effectively.
Example: The interoperability of smart devices has created a seamless user experience across platforms.
260. Vanguard: The forefront of innovation or development.
Example: The vanguard of biotechnology is shaping the future of medicine.
261. Exfiltration: The unauthorized transfer of data from a system.
Example: Exfiltration of sensitive information can lead to severe breaches.
262. Envelopment: A state of being surrounded or deeply involved.
Example: The envelopment of virtual reality technology enhances user engagement.
263. Algorithm: A step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or accomplishing a task.
Example: Search engines use algorithms to deliver results.
264. Bandwidth: The amount of data that can be transmitted over a network.
Example: Video streaming requires high bandwidth.
265. Latency: The delay before a transfer of data begins.
Example: Low latency is essential for real-time applications.
266. Scalability: The capacity to handle growth or increased demand.
Example: The scalability of the platform ensured its success.
267. Autarky: A system or entity that is self-sufficient and independent.
Example: The development of autarky in robotics allows machines to operate without human intervention.
268. Heuristic: A practical method for solving problems quickly.
Example: Heuristic approaches simplify complex decision-making processes.
269. Bespoke: Made specifically for a purpose or individual.
Example: The bespoke software catered to the company’s unique needs.
270. Redundancy: Duplication of critical components to ensure reliability.
Example: Redundancy in servers prevents system failures.
271. Modularity: The design principle of creating independent, interchangeable components.
Example: Modularity simplifies system upgrades and maintenance.
272. Cryptography: The art of writing or solving codes.
Example: Cryptography protects sensitive communications from interception.
273. Ergonomics: The study of designing equipment for efficiency and comfort.
Example: The keyboard was designed with ergonomics in mind.
274. Symbiosis: A mutually beneficial relationship between entities.
Example: The symbiosis between software and hardware ensures optimal performance.
275. Equilibrium: A state of balance in a system.
Example: The market reached equilibrium between supply and demand.
276. Paradigm: A typical example or model of something.
Example: The paradigm of remote work has transformed industries.
277. Vector: A quantity having both magnitude and direction, often applied metaphorically.
Example: The vector of economic growth shifted due to technological innovation.
278. Opacity: The state of being difficult to understand.
Example: The code’s opacity made debugging a complex task.
279. Convergence: The merging of distinct technologies or industries.
Example: The convergence of media and technology has created new opportunities.
280. Optimization: The act of making something as effective as possible.
Example: Optimization of the system improved its performance.
281. Robustness: The ability of a system or structure to withstand stress or adverse conditions without breaking.
Example: The robustness of the network infrastructure ensured reliability during peak usage.
Words for philosophy and critical thinking
Elevate your vocabulary with these advanced terms related to philosophy and critical reasoning:
282. Epistemology: The study of knowledge and justified belief.
Example: The philosopher focused on questions of epistemology and truth.
283. Ontology: The branch of metaphysics dealing with the nature of being.
Example: Ontology explores the fundamental categories of existence.
284. Axiomatic: Self-evident or unquestionable.
Example: It is axiomatic that all humans are created equal.
285. Dialectic: The art of investigating or discussing the truth of opinions.
Example: The dialogue employed a dialectic approach to resolve the debate.
286. Empiricism: The theory that all knowledge originates in experience.
Example: Empiricism asserts that observation is essential to science.
287. Dualism: The division of something into two opposed or contrasted aspects.
Example: The philosopher proposed a dualism between mind and body.
288. Hedonism: The pursuit of pleasure as the highest good.
Example: The novel criticized the hedonism of modern society.
289. Solipsism: The view that only one’s mind is sure to exist.
Example: Solipsism challenges the concept of objective reality.
290. Utilitarianism: The doctrine that actions are right if they benefit the majority.
Example: Utilitarianism guides many modern ethical decisions.
291. Causality: The relationship between cause and effect.
Example: The scientist studied the causality behind the phenomenon.
292. Phenomenology: The study of consciousness and direct experience.
Example: Phenomenology focuses on how things appear in our experience.
293. Pragmatism: A practical approach to problems and affairs.
Example: Pragmatism emphasizes action over abstract theory.
294. Altruism: Selfless concern for the well-being of others.
Example: Altruism is a key concept in ethical philosophy.
295. Fallacy: A mistaken belief, especially one based on unsound argument.
Example: The argument was invalid due to a logical fallacy.
296. Nihilism: The rejection of all religious and moral principles.
Example: Nihilism often emerges during periods of social upheaval.
297. Idealism: The practice of forming or pursuing ideals.
Example: His political philosophy was rooted in idealism.
298. Rationalism: The belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge.
Example: Rationalism emphasizes logical deduction over sensory experience.
299. Absurdism: The belief that human existence is meaningless.
Example: Absurdism is a central theme in many existentialist works.
300. Objectivity: The quality of being unbiased and impartial.
Example: The journalist’s objectivity was evident in her reporting.
301. Determinism: The philosophy that all events are determined by external causes.
Example: Determinism questions the concept of free will.
302. Deontology: Ethical theory based on duty and rules.
Example: Deontology focuses on the morality of actions rather than outcomes.
303. Autonomy: Self-governance or independence.
Example: Autonomy is a fundamental principle in ethical discussions.
304. Egalitarianism: The belief in equality for all people.
Example: Egalitarianism is a driving force behind many social movements.
305. Relativism: The doctrine that knowledge is relative to culture or context.
Example: Relativism challenges the notion of universal truth.
306. Dogmatism: The tendency to lay down principles as incontrovertibly true.
Example: Dogmatism can hinder open-minded discussion.
307. Sophism: A clever but misleading argument.
Example: The lawyer’s argument was dismissed as sophism.
308. Anthropocentrism: Viewing humans as the central element of existence.
Example: Anthropocentrism often influences environmental policies.
309. Eudaimonia: A state of flourishing or living well.
Example: Aristotle considered eudaimonia the highest human good.
310. Hermeneutics: The study of interpretation, especially of texts.
Example: Hermeneutics is essential in understanding ancient scriptures.
Tips for mastering SAT vocabulary
Expanding your SAT vocabulary doesn’t have to be overwhelming. Here are some practical tips to help you learn and retain new words effectively:
Read widely: Explore books, newspapers, and articles to encounter new words in context. Literature, academic essays, and editorials are particularly useful.
Use flashcards: Write the word on one side and its definition, example sentence, and synonyms on the other. Review them daily to reinforce memory.
Incorporate words into your speech and writing: Practice using new vocabulary in essays, emails, and conversations to internalize their meanings.
Engage with word games: Apps, puzzles, and games like Scrabble or crossword puzzles make learning vocabulary fun and interactive.
Learn roots, prefixes, and suffixes: Understanding the building blocks of words helps decipher unfamiliar terms and expands your vocabulary exponentially.
Use mnemonic devices: Create associations or stories to remember meanings. For example, link "gregarious" (sociable) with "Greg always loves parties."
Practice regularly: Consistent review is key. Dedicate 10–15 minutes daily to revising words to enhance retention.
Additional SAT vocabulary resources
Boost your SAT prep with these helpful resources:
Vocabulary.com: Interactive tools and word lists tailored for SAT success.
Quizlet: Create and study flashcards for efficient learning.
Official SAT Practice: Utilize College Board's free resources to practice in a test-like environment.
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